Bone models

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A patient-specific bone model is an accurate three-dimensional replica of the patient's own anatomy, printed from the CT scan. Used on its own, without an accompanying guide, it remains a valuable surgical and educational tool across a range of applications.

1. Training and education

Bone models provide a realistic, hands-on representation of normal and pathological anatomy, making them well suited to surgical training and teaching. Trainees and students can study complex three-dimensional relationships and practise techniques on an accurate physical model rather than relying on imaging alone.

2. Surgical rehearsal

A model allows the procedure to be rehearsed in advance on the patient's actual anatomy. The surgical approach, sequence of steps and choice of implants can all be considered and refined beforehand, helping to anticipate difficulties and reduce uncertainty on the day.

3. Plate pre-contouring

Plates and other implants can be shaped to fit the model before surgery, so they are ready for immediate use in theatre. Pre-contouring against the patient's true anatomy improves the accuracy of fit, reduces intra-operative handling time, and limits the repeated bending that can weaken an implant.

4. Intra-operative visualisation

Having a sterilisable model available in theatre provides a clear, tangible reference to the patient's anatomy throughout the procedure. This is particularly helpful in complex or distorted anatomy, where it supports orientation and decision-making alongside the surgical field.